27 briefings

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01

US presses Reliance on Venezuelan crude refining

The United States is urging Reliance Industries to consider processing more Venezuelan crude at Jamnagar, but as of October 21 no supply agreement, volume commitment or sanctions authorisation has been established.

02

US waiver suspends new Russia-related tariff pressure

The United States has waived the Graham Act’s Russia-related sanctions and duties, suspending prospective tariff exposure for major buyers of Russian energy while retaining monitoring authority and a possible policy review.

03

World Bank Group launches mineral compacts with eight governments

The World Bank Group has launched country-led metals-and-minerals frameworks with eight governments and set a $19 billion FY2026–30 support target, while delivery remains dependent on national reforms, project preparation and private capital.

04

World Bank launches eight mineral compacts under $19 billion support target

The World Bank Group has launched metals-and-minerals compacts with eight countries, setting a FY2026-30 target of $19 billion in support while leaving funding, reforms and projects to national implementation.

05

US designates 17 vessels in Iran shadow-fleet sanctions action

The United States has designated 17 vessels and associated companies linked by Treasury to Iranian petroleum and petrochemical trade, extending compliance constraints on shipping, service and financial counterparties.

06

India’s voter-roll revision continues as opposition protests widen

India’s Election Commission continues its nationwide voter-roll revision as opposition protests broaden in New Delhi, where police briefly detained Rahul Gandhi and other lawmakers before releasing them on 7 October.

07

India’s voter-roll revision faces a widening opposition challenge

India’s opposition has broadened its challenge to the nationwide voter-roll revision after brief detentions of prominent lawmakers in New Delhi, while the Election Commission maintains the exercise is intended to remove ineligible entries.

08

India’s opposition intensifies challenge to nationwide voter-roll revision

India’s opposition has escalated its challenge to the nationwide voter-roll revision through coordinated protests and demands for the election chief’s resignation, while the Election Commission and government continue to deny political bias.

09

US enacts expanded Russia sanctions and secondary-tariff authority

The United States has enacted a law expanding sanctions against Russian financial, energy, defence and oil-shipping networks while authorising discretionary tariffs of up to 100% on major buyers of Russian oil or gas; no country-specific tariff had been confirmed by September 25.

10

BRICS adopts New Delhi declaration on Middle East de-escalation and unilateral sanctions

BRICS leaders have adopted a consensus declaration urging Middle East de-escalation and opposing sanctions outside the UN Security Council framework, without creating a joint implementation or enforcement mechanism.

11

BRICS adopts New Delhi declaration on Middle East de-escalation and unilateral sanctions

BRICS has adopted a consensus declaration urging diplomatic de-escalation in the Middle East, protection of civilian and nuclear facilities in conflict, and opposition to sanctions not authorised by the UN Security Council.

12

BRICS adopts New Delhi Declaration backing local-currency trade

BRICS leaders adopted the New Delhi Declaration on 12 September, opposing unilateral sanctions and trade barriers while backing greater local-currency use and stronger cross-border payment systems without setting a binding implementation timetable.

13

BRICS adopts joint Middle East restraint declaration

BRICS leaders adopted the New Delhi Declaration on 12 September, setting out a shared political call for restraint in the Middle East, protection of civilian and IAEA-safeguarded nuclear facilities, and opposition to unilateral sanctions not authorised by the UN Security Council.

14

Modi and Xi sustain India-China dialogue at New Delhi summit

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Xi Jinping met in New Delhi on September 12, sustaining leader-level engagement between India and China without announcing a border-management agreement, trade arrangement or settlement of their boundary dispute.

15

Putin warns European troop deployment to Ukraine would mean war with Russia

As of September 12, Russia is publicly warning that any European troop deployment to Ukraine would constitute war with Russia, while no such deployment has been agreed or implemented.

16

BRICS adopts Middle East restraint and sanctions declaration

BRICS leaders have adopted a non-binding New Delhi declaration urging maximum restraint in the Middle East and opposing unilateral sanctions not authorised by the UN Security Council.

17

BRICS summit opens in New Delhi with divisions unresolved

The 18th BRICS Summit is under way in New Delhi on 12 September 2026, with differences over the Iran war, Ukraine, sanctions and relations with the United States constraining prospects for a common position.

18

BRICS leaders’ summit begins in New Delhi amid divisions in the expanded bloc

India’s 18th BRICS Summit begins in New Delhi on 12 September, testing whether the 11-member grouping can advance cooperation on trade, finance and global-governance reform despite divergent positions on major conflicts and strategic competition.

19

India hosts BRICS summit as expanded membership tests bloc cohesion

India is hosting the 18th BRICS summit in New Delhi on 12–13 September, with leaders due to consider trade, finance and global-governance issues while major differences among the 11 members constrain expectations of unified outcomes.

20

Indus Waters Treaty dispute remains unresolved as Pakistan renews warning

India’s 2025 abeyance of the Indus Waters Treaty remains in force as the central India-Pakistan water dispute; Pakistan renewed its objections on 13 August, without a verified new change in river flows or treaty operations.

21

Indus Waters Treaty dispute remains unresolved as Pakistan renews water-security warning

India’s April 2025 decision to hold the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance remains in force as of August 14, 2026, while Pakistan continues to reject the move and has again framed protection of its water supplies as a red line.

22

Pakistan reiterates water red line as Indus treaty dispute remains unresolved

Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif renewed Islamabad’s warning over threats to its water supplies on August 14, while India’s April 2025 suspension of participation in the Indus Waters Treaty remains unresolved.

23

U.S. Section 301 duties on goods from 60 economies are now in force

U.S. Section 301 duties of 10% or 12.5% on covered goods from 60 economies have applied since July 24, with a narrow in-transit exemption expiring on July 28.

24

Bangladesh speaker assumes interim presidential duties after Shahabuddin resigns

Bangladesh President Mohammed Shahabuddin resigned on 24 July, with Parliament Speaker Hafiz Uddin Ahmad assuming presidential duties until lawmakers elect a successor.